free atom การใช้

• Properties of a free atom include ionization energy and electron affinity.
• Free atom bombs will be supplied to any nation harboring former associates of Klaus Barbie.
• It is particularly important as the accurate quantum theory description of the smallest free atom, hydrogen.
• The solutions of interest describe the long-term motion of free atoms, molecules, photons, electrons, and protons.
• However, the fitting parameter E _ \ infty does not reproduce the total energy of the free atoms.
• In this count, carbon then has only two valence electrons in the molecule compared to four in the free atom.
• The magnetic moment of a free atom is due to the orbital angular momentum and spin of its electrons and nucleus.
• The first involves using a piece of some previously created or naturally formed nanostructure and immersing it in free atoms of its own kind.
• The radiation beam passes through this flame at its longest axis, and the flame gas flow-rates may be adjusted to produce the highest concentration of free atoms.
• However, for atoms such as lithium, basis functions of p type are added to the basis functions corresponding to the 1s and 2s orbitals of the free atom.
• The atomic chain reaction theory stated that when a reaction in which free atoms are formed and can decompose molecules into more free atoms which results in a chain reaction.
• However, in a more accurate description using molecular orbital theory, the d-like orbitals occupied by the six electrons are no longer identical with the d orbitals of the free atom.
• The atomic chain reaction theory stated that when a reaction in which free atoms are formed and can decompose molecules into more free atoms which results in a chain reaction.
• Where ? s, p are the one-electron energies of s-and p-electrons in the free atom and " n " s, p are the number of s-and p-electrons in the valence shell.
• A minimum basis set is one in which, on each atom in the molecule, a single basis function is used for each orbital in a Hartree Fock calculation on the free atom.
• Whichever species ( ions or atoms ) strike the cathode, collisions within the cathode redistribute this energy until a portion of the cathode is ejected, typically in the form of free atoms.
• "' Atomic absorption spectroscopy "'( "'AAS "') is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements using the absorption of optical radiation ( light ) by free atoms in the gaseous state.
• Based on that idea, modern pseudo-potentials are obtained inverting the free atom Schr鰀inger equation for a given reference electronic configuration and forcing the pseudo wave-functions to coincide with the true valence wave functions beyond a certain distance rl _ ..
• After a given period, the structure, having an irregular surface that would make it prone to attracting more molecules as a continuation of its current pattern, would capture some of the free atoms and continue to form more of itself to make larger components of nanosensors.
• But in a vacuum _ if densities are low enough to avoid condensation and if temperatures can be lowered to near absolute zero _ free atoms can be slowed down to speeds of less than one mile per hour, allowing a close examination of their nature and properties.